If you or a loved one is in crisis, you can call the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline at 988.

Surviving a suicide attempt can lead to a range of intense emotions and feelings. Many people report feeling a new sense of hope or believing they survived for a reason. Others might feel renewed hopelessness or begin to have thoughts of making another attempt. Some people feel love and compassion from friends and family. Others might feel increasingly alone.

Other emotions might include:

• Relief, or being glad the attempt failed
• Disappointment or confusion
• Embarrassment and shame
• Fatigue, lethargy, or general overwhelm
• Anger

Whatever feelings you experience, it’s essential to work with a counselor trained in helping people recover from suicide attempts. Healing from a suicide attempt is possible, though recovery time may vary depending on different factors. According to Tamara Hill, MS, NCC, CCTP, LPC, “Recovery is possible with planning, but recovery should be multi-dimensional.”

Getting Help After a Suicide Attempt

One of the first steps in recovering from a suicide attempt is seeking health care. It’s important to get medical attention for any physical injuries or illness related to the attempt. A mental health professional will talk to you at the hospital to see how you’re feeling and whether you’re still at risk for suicide. If you’re already working with a therapist, the hospital can contact them.

If you’re still in crisis or your doctor or counselor is concerned for your safety, they may recommend you remain in the hospital as a patient until your suicide risk has decreased. People at high risk for suicide who don’t want to be admitted to the hospital may be hospitalized involuntarily for a few days. This isn’t common. It’s only likely to happen if your care providers believe you are very likely to attempt suicide again very soon. You may not want to stay in the hospital, but if you plan to make another attempt, remaining somewhere safe is a good idea.

It’s important that you prioritize your healing and spend time with people who can offer support. Some of your loved ones may need time to work through their own feelings, but you can only be responsible for your own recovery. Once you’re home, your friends and family may ask questions you aren’t sure how to answer. Suicide is a topic that’s still surrounded by stigma, so it can be difficult to talk about what you experienced.

Remember that you don’t have to share anything you don’t want to. If you want to talk to your loved ones but need more time, let them know you’re still sorting through your feelings. Your counselor can help you work through what to say if you’re struggling to find the right words.

You’ve just experienced something very traumatic. Your family and friends may be affected by your decision to attempt suicide. Some people may say thoughtless or hurtful things out of grief or fear. It’s important that you prioritize your healing and spend time with people who can offer support. Some of your loved ones may need time to work through their own feelings, but you can only be responsible for your own recovery.

How Long Does It Take to Recover from a Suicide Attempt?

Recovery from attempted suicide can take time. The amount of time may depend on several factors, including the level of social/emotional support you have and how you continue to work through the challenges affecting your mental health.

Recovery typically happens in stages. A study published in the Journal of Clinical Nursing lists five common phases of recovery:

1. A person realizes that they still have business in life and/or that they don’t want to die.
2. A person becomes aware that they need to seek help from others, such as professionals or loved ones.
3. A person re-encounters stress and hardship in their life.
4. A person adjusts their behavior to better cope with life’s challenges.
5. A person accepts that there are good and bad parts to life and begins to invest in their own well-being.

The same study suggests recovery is often nonlinear. People often move back and forth between stages of self-awareness, adjustment, and acceptance. A person may feel average one day, stressed the next, and then hopeful the third.

Self-care is an important part of recovery.

• You can take care of yourself physically by getting enough sleep, taking any medications your doctor or psychiatrist prescribed, making time for physical activity, and eating nourishing foods.
• Activities such as listening to music, writing in a journal, or working with your hands or body can help you feel better emotionally.
• Many people find yoga and meditation to be both emotionally and physically beneficial.

These things can all have a positive impact on recovery.

Therapy for Suicide Recovery

In many cases, the triggers leading to a suicide attempt don’t go away after the attempt. If you were working with a therapist before attempting suicide but therapy wasn’t helping, consider trying a new approach to treatment. Not every approach works for every person. Talk with your therapist about what’s working and what isn’t. If there’s a new concern in your life that’s adding stress, try to address this in therapy so you can develop ways to cope.

Check in frequently with your therapist, and be honest about what you’re feeling. Your therapist’s job is to help you, and they are trained to do so with compassion and without judgment.Another important component of therapy after a suicide attempt is developing your crisis/safety plan. According to Hill, this plan might include, “triggers, warning signs of evident regression in health, and a concrete plan of coping skills to use to avoid hospitalization or suicide attempts.” Hill goes on to emphasize the importance of societal support, which might include “addresses to local groups, registration information to educational seminars, and websites to local organizations that support suicide recovery.”

Your therapist can help you develop a safety plan. Check in frequently with your therapist, and be honest about what you’re feeling. Your therapist’s job is to help you, and they are trained to do so with compassion and without judgment.

If you have family support (or support from your partner or close friends), consider including them in your recovery plan and therapy if possible. Suicide is a difficult topic, and your family and friends may not know how to talk to you about what happened. They may be working through their own feelings about the attempt. Therapy can provide a safe space for you and your loved ones to share your thoughts—when you’re ready to do so.

Preventing Future Suicide Attempts

Making one suicide attempt is a risk factor for future suicide attempts. A 2014 review of articles looking at suicide found that one in 25 people who are hospitalized for self-harm complete suicide within five years. A 2016 study looking at 1,490 people who attempted suicide found almost 82% of those who didn’t complete their first attempt completed a second attempt within one year.

It’s important to have a crisis plan when recovering from a suicide attempt. This is something you might talk about with your therapist. Your crisis plan might include:

• A list of what triggers suicidal thoughts or feelings.
• A list of things that help you cope with triggers.
• A list (or photos) of your loved ones, pets, and other things that are important to you. These can help you cope in a time of crisis.
• Names and numbers of people you can reach out to, such as friends, family, your therapist and doctor, or others you trust.
• Numbers for immediate care, such as the nearest emergency room, a suicide helpline, or other emergency services.
• A list of steps to keep yourself safe if you are in crisis. For example, you might plan how you could avoid or get rid of items in your house that you could harm yourself with.

It’s also important to seek support from others. Re-establishing connections with people who care for you can have a significant impact on recovery. Different people in your life can help in different ways, so don’t be afraid to reach out to the people who care about you.

It helps to be clear about what you need. For example, if you don’t feel like talking, you could ask family members or close friends if they can keep you company when you’re struggling to cope with difficult feelings. You might say something like, “I don’t want to talk, but I want to distract myself from thinking about hurting myself. Can we go for a walk?”

After surviving a suicide attempt, you may feel lost and uncertain of your next steps. The journey forward may seem long and difficult. But recovery is possible! Take the time you need to heal, and make sure you have social and professional support as you work toward recovery. Remember, you are not alone. There is hope for the future.

References:

1. After an attempt. (n.d.). American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. Retrieved from https://afsp.org/find-support/ive-made-attempt/after-an-attempt
2. Bostwick, J. M., Pabbati, C., Geske, J. R., & McKean, A. J. (2016, August 13). Suicide attempt as a risk factor for completed suicide: Even more lethal than we knew. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 173(11), 1094-1100. Retrieved from https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15070854
3. Carrigan, C. G., & Lynch, D. J. (2003). Managing suicide attempts: Guidelines for the primary care physician. The Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 5(4) 169-174. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC419387
4. Carroll, R., Metcalfe, C., & Gunnell, D. (2014, February 28). Hospital presenting self-harm and risk of fatal and non-fatal repetition: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 9(2). Retrieved from https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0089944
5. Chi, M. T., Long, A., Jeang, S. R., Ku, Y. C., Lu, T., & Sun, F. K. (2014). Healing and recovering after a suicide attempt: A grounded theory study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 23(11-12), 1751-1759. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24251862
6. Recovering after a suicide attempt. (n.d.). SuicideLine Victoria. Retrieved from https://www.suicideline.org.au/resource/recovering-after-a-suicide-attempt
7. Sellin, L., Asp, M., Kumlin, T., Wallsen, T., & Gustin, L. W. (2017, February 28). To be present, share and nurture: A lifeworld phenomenological study of relatives’ participation in the suicidal person’s recovery. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Health and Well-being, 12(1). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5345596
8. A journey toward health and hope [PDF]. (2015). Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Retrieved from https://store.samhsa.gov/system/files/sma15-4419.pdf

Depression has long been surrounded by stereotype and stigma. Yet the condition is more common than many people realize. One in 10 adults in the United States report having depression. It is the most common cause of disability in the United States. It can affect people from all walks of life.

Many public figures have shared their own experiences with depression and therapy. Some celebrities have used their platforms to create a dialogue around mental health. Archival documents have led experts to include historical figures in the conversation.

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Although depression can be challenging, you are not alone in the struggle. Below are the voices and stories of 10 public figures who have been open about their depression:

1. Abraham Lincoln

“If what I feel were equally distributed to the whole human family, there would not be one cheerful face on earth.”

Many accounts from friends and family described Lincoln as having a melancholy demeanor. Lincoln himself wrote often about his persistent despair. Modern clinicians agree the symptoms that show up on documents about Lincoln point to what we know today as clinical depression.

2. Ellen DeGeneres

“I can’t believe I came back from that point. I can’t believe where my life is now.”

Ellen DeGeneres is known today for her daytime talk show Ellen and for being a leading advocate for LGBTQ+ rights. Yet when she came out as a lesbian in 1997, DeGeneres says she faced extreme bullying and depression. Her sitcom was canceled, and she felt scared and alone. Ellen used therapy, antidepressants, meditation, and exercise to move through depression.

3. Dwayne Johnson

“I found that, with depression, one of the most important things you could realize is that you’re not alone.”

In a 2018 interview, actor Dwayne ‘The Rock’ Johnson says he’s battled depression multiple times. His first bout with depression came at 15 after his mother attempted suicide in front of him. Johnson says his most severe episode happened after injuries forced him to give up his football dream. Johnson encourages people with depression to ask for help, even if being vulnerable feels hard.

4. Lady Gaga

“I’ve suffered through depression and anxiety my entire life, I still suffer with it every single day.”

In a 2015 interview, singer Lady Gaga said she has lived with depression and anxiety her entire life. She is a founder of the Born This Way Foundation, which promotes mental health awareness and anti-bullying campaigns. The foundation also funds research on adolescent mental health.

5. Buzz Aldrin

“I moved from drinking to depression to heavier drinking to deeper depression.”

In his memoir, astronaut Buzz Aldrin described his battle with alcohol abuse and depression. After returning from his mission to the moon, Aldrin felt a loss of purpose and structure in his life. He divorced his wife and withdrew from society. Aldrin says he used alcohol to numb his feelings. After getting treatment for alcoholism and depression, Aldrin served as the chairman of the National Association of Mental Health.

6. J.K. Rowling

“We’re talking suicidal thoughts here, we’re not talking ‘I’m a little bit miserable.’ “

The author of the Harry Potter series has been vocal about her past experiences with depression. J.K. Rowling had contemplated suicide during her lowest point. She adds cognitive behavioral therapy helped her move forward. Rowling says she has never been ashamed of depression or of deciding to seek help.

7. Wayne Brady

“If me talking about my personal journey helps someone, it’s all worth it.”

In a 2014 interview, comedian Wayne Brady said people generally assume he and other entertainers are happy all the time. After the death of Robin Williams, Brady felt compelled to come forward with his own story about depression and recovery. Brady acknowledged it can be difficult to ask for help due to cultural stigma.

8. Princess Diana

“Then I was unwell with post-natal depression, which no one ever discusses, post-natal depression, you have to read about it afterwards…”

In a 1995 interview, the Wales princess spoke about her postpartum depression. She recalled days when she didn’t want to get out of bed. She also had periods when she would engage in self-harm. The princess says she experienced lots of stigma from her family for her condition. However, she still got treatment and recovered.

9. Michael Phelps

“I said to myself so many times, ‘Why didn’t I [get help] 10 years ago?’ “

In a 2018 speech, Olympic swimmer Michael Phelps shared his own story of depression. He had an episode of depression “after every Olympics” beginning in 2004. After the 2012 Olympics, he spent days in his room with little food or sleep, thinking about ending his life. After that episode, he decided to get treatment. As Phelps talked about his repressed emotions with a mental health professional, he felt much better than before.

10. Kristen Bell

“Anxiety and depression are impervious to accolades or achievements. Anyone can be affected, despite their level of success or their place on the food chain.”

Actress Kristen Bell first developed depression in college. Although she had a successful life, she began to feel isolated and worthless. She credits her mother for telling her it was possible to get help for her symptoms. During treatment, Bell learned to manage her negative thoughts.

If you or a loved one is experiencing depression, you are not alone. Depression can affect people from all walks of life. A therapist can help you improve your mood and regain your sense of self. There is no shame in getting help.

If you or a loved one is in a crisis, you can call the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline at 988. Other crisis resources can be found here.

References:

1. Bashin, M. & Diana Windsor. (1995). The Panorama Interview. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/politics97/diana/panorama.html
2. Buzz Aldrin’s journey from moon to alcoholism. (2009, June 22). Today. Retrieved from https://www.today.com/popculture/buzz-aldrins-journey-moon-alcoholism-2D80555988#.U71ZqY1dVvB
3. Dwayne ‘The Rock’ Johnson: My secret battle with depression. (2018, April 1). Express. Retrieved from https://www.express.co.uk/celebrity-news/939767/Dwayne-the-rock-Johnson-secret-battle-with-depression
4. Dwayne ‘The Rock’ Johnson shares inspiring message for people with depression. (2015, November 17). Today. Retrieved from https://www.today.com/health/dwayne-rock-johnson-shares-inspiring-message-people-depression-t56586
5. Ellen DeGeneres: I endured ‘bullying’ and ‘severe depression’ after coming out. (2017). Us Magazine. Retrieved from https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/ellen-degeneres-opens-up-about-bullying-depression-after-coming-out-w497078
6. J.K. Rowling contemplated suicide. (2008, March 23). Telegraph. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1582552/JK-Rowling-contemplated-suicide.html
7. Kristen Bell: I’m over staying silent about depression. (2016, May 31). Motto. Retrieved from http://time.com/4352130/kristen-bell-frozen-depression-anxiety
8. Lady Gaga suffers with depression ‘every single day.’ (2015, October 15). NYLON. Retrieved from https://nylon.com/articles/lady-gaga-depression-anxiety-struggles
9. Lincoln’s great depression. (2005). The Atlantic. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2005/10/lincolns-great-depression/304247
10. Michael Phelps: ‘I am extremely thankful that I did not take my life.’ (2018, January 20). CNN. Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/2018/01/19/health/michael-phelps-depression/index.html
11. Moon man. (2009, June 8). New Jersey Monthly. Retrieved from https://njmonthly.com/articles/jersey-living/moon-man
12. Research + Resources (n.d.) Retrieved from https://bornthisway.foundation/research-survey
13. Wayne Brady reveals battle with depression. (2014, November 4). CNN. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2014/11/04/showbiz/celebrity-news-gossip/wayne-brady-depression/index.html

Over the past couple of months, there has been a teen suicide at each of two neighboring high schools in my community. To say this is tragic is an understatement. As a child and adolescent therapist, I knew these suicides were going to make their way into my therapy office during the weeks that followed. In fact, I was going to ensure they did because I am a firm believer it is important for therapists, and other adults, to talk with teens about suicide. Why? Because teens are already talking about it, and it is likely the people they are talking to are not knowledgeable about how to help them process such an act in a healthy and helpful way.

When a teen in a community commits suicide, there is a full spectrum of feelings among other teens. Teens may feel confused, sad, angry, curious, anxious, numb, or scared. Some may feel triggered and have their own thoughts about suicide or self-harm. Some may be frustrated by the sudden outpouring of love and attention that the teen who died gets, especially if it feels disingenuous. And some may have a hard time processing what would bring a peer to decide to end their life. Regardless, these reactions often bring a desire to talk about what happened. In seeking to understand, teens may turn to social media, including Instagram and Facebook pages that share unfiltered photos and information on suicide and self-harm. These are not places we want our children to be learning about such topics.

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Talking with teens about suicide is also important because they are often the first line of defense in preventing teens from ending their lives. Most suicidal teens have expressed their suicidal ideation, whether blatantly or subtly, to friends or peers either in person or via social media. Unfortunately, many teens don’t know what to do with the information, are unsure of the signs to look out for, or don’t want to be “that person” who snitches or gets involved.

Especially following the suicide of an adolescent, there are things that adults can do to not only help teens process the loss but also help prevent other suicides. The first is to know and be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation. Following a suicide, these signs and symptoms may be heightened in adolescents, especially in already depressed, anxious, or suicidal teens:

• Depressed or anxious mood
• Frequent running away
• Expressions of suicidal thoughts and talk of death
• Withdrawal from friends, family, and activities
• Impulsive and sometimes aggressive behavior
• Alcohol and/or drug abuse
• Engaging in high-risk behaviors
• Social isolation
• Low self-esteem
• Giving away meaningful belongings
• Self-harm behavior
• Suggestive social media messages, videos, posts

Equally important is how to take action and be a safety net for adolescents in need. As an adult, it is important to be available to adolescents and talk openly with them about suicide. It is so important that adults check in directly with teens following the suicide of a peer, especially if there have been prior concerning signs or symptoms. Parents, teachers, and counselors alike should process the loss with teens and explore how they are feeling, what they are thinking, and how they are coping with the loss. Some helpful questions include:

It can feel scary to talk about suicide, but in my experience it is important to talk directly with adolescents to help them deal with this topic. If you are unsure how to talk with your teen about suicide, connect them with their guidance counselor or a therapist who can help them process any feelings they might be having.

• How well did you know the teen who died?
• How do you feel about the news?
• What are some thoughts or questions you have been having since hearing about it?
• Have you talked to anyone about the suicide?
• Have you seen any information online about suicide?
• How has your school (whether it is the school that the person who died attended or not) been addressing the suicide?
• Have you ever thought about killing or hurting yourself? What can you do or who can you talk to if you have those thoughts?
• Do you know anyone who has expressed those thoughts/feelings? How have you handled that? How do you feel about that?
• What can you do if you hear that someone has suicidal thoughts?

After exploring some of these questions, it is important to help them come up with a plan for what they can do if they have a concern for a peer and explore any potential resistance. It can be helpful to communicate that there are ways to report their concerns in a confidential way that can protect their relationship with the peer. Emphasize the importance of doing something.

It is also important to help them identify their own coping strategies to manage things such as anxiety, depression, peer problems, and stress, as well as to help them identify a trusted adult whom they can talk to if they are struggling. Let them know they are not alone.

It can feel scary to talk about suicide, but in my experience it is important to talk directly with adolescents to help them deal with this topic. If you are unsure how to talk with your teen about suicide, connect them with a therapist or guidance counselor who can help them process any feelings they might be having. Know you are not alone, either. Together, hopefully lives can be saved.

The first person I ever worked with in therapy, when I was a graduate student at the Veterans Administration Hospital in Danville, Illinois, died by suicide. While my supervisor and fellow clinical students tried to reassure me that his death was not my fault, that it was not due to clinical incompetence, I still felt deep down that his death was a reflection of my inexperience. This incident led me to wonder if clinical psychology was, in fact, the ideal occupation for me.

I did become a clinical psychologist, though, and in the 40 years since this initial death by suicide, three other individuals I have provided therapy services to (whether they were people I was directly working with or people a trainee under my supervision was working with) have died by suicide.

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Unfortunately, this is not uncommon. Many mental health professionals work with people who are experiencing suicidal thoughts, and some of these individuals die by suicide.

Consider the following:

• Full-time therapists see, on average, as many as 5 people who are suicidal each month, especially those who frequently work with people who have a history of victimization and substance abuse.
• 1 in 2 psychiatrists and 1 in 7 therapists report losing a person in therapy to suicide.
• 1 in 3 clinical graduate students will work with an individual who attempts suicide at some point during their training, and 1 in 6 will experience the death by suicide of an individual.
• 1 in 6 individuals die by suicide while in active treatment with a health care provider.
• Working with people who are at high risk for suicide is considered the most stressful of all therapy practice endeavors. Therapists who lose a person to suicide may experience such a loss to the extent they would experience the death of a family member. The loss of a person in therapy by suicide can become a career-ending event.
• The distress therapists experience after losing a person in treatment to suicide can be further exacerbated by possible legal actions. Of those who die by suicide, 25% of family members choose to take legal action against the individual’s mental health care team (Bongar, 2002; Kleespies, 2017).

What Can Therapists Do After Losing Someone to Suicide?

It is important for therapists who work with individuals experiencing thoughts of suicide, are at high risk for suicide, and/or have attempted suicide to take certain steps to help themselves in order to continue their work.

Therapists who have a strong support network, who maintain a sense of hope and optimism, and who remember to practice self-care are more likely to be more able to overcome adverse events, such as the loss of a person in therapy to suicide.

One essential first step is documentation. Therapists who work with people at risk for suicide must document risk and protective factors, as well as accompanying interventions, in their progress notes.

The American Association of Suicidology offers a wealth of useful advice to mental health professionals who have lost a person in therapy to suicide. I have provide some additional suggestions to accompany their recommended procedural and psychosocial steps

Procedural steps to take immediately after losing someone to suicide: 

• Notify your supervisor and supportive colleagues, as well as the director of your service.
• Contact the hospital attorney.
• Consider contacting the family members of the person in therapy. Whether you choose to do so is likely to depend on the circumstances of the situation. You may wish to ask the family members if they would like you to attend the individual’s funeral.

 Psychosocial steps to meet your emotional needs:

• Seek support from your supervisor, colleagues, and significant others.
• Attend to your needs to mourn or grieve the loss of the person, whatever form that grieving process may take.
• Monitor any self-blame, hindsight, or biased thinking processes and utilize helpful methods of coping to deal with these and any stress they may cause.
• Use cognitive strategies to cope with the emotional aftermath of the person’s suicide, seeking help from a professional when necessary. For example, engaging in the mindful path of self-compassion can be a helpful way to cope (Gerber, 2009).

 Pursuing further education:

• Review your progress notes.
• Write a case summary of the ongoing risk assessment and the course of treatment interventions.
• Enumerate the lessons you learned from the death and share this, when able to do so, with interested and supportive others.
• Make a gift of this professional experience to others. By sharing the loss and what you have learned from it, you can help create awareness and help others learn.
•  You may find it helpful to include a supervisor, colleagues, or review groups in the process of pursuing further education on suicide and working with people who are suicidal.
• Finding ways to work with others to reduce suicide can often be a key component of this process.

Resilience is an essential component for those who work with people at risk for suicide. Therapists who have a strong support network, who maintain a sense of hope and optimism, and who remember to practice self-care are more likely to be more able to overcome adverse events, such as the loss of a person in therapy to suicide. Bolstering resilience can allow mental health professionals to become better able to cope with such a loss and experience posttraumatic growth following the death of a person in treatment.

References: 

1. Bongar, B. (2002). The suicidal patient: Clinical and legal standards of care. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
2. Gerber, C. K. (2009). The mindful path to self-compassion: Freeing yourself from destructive thoughts and emotions. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
3. Hernandez, P., Engstrom, D., & Gangseei, D. (2010). Exploring the impact of trauma on therapists: Vicarious resilience and related concepts in training. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 19, 67-83.
4. Kleespies, P. M. (2017). The Oxford handbook of behavioral emergencies and crises. New York: Oxford University Press.
5. Meichenbaum, D. (2005). 35 Years of working with suicidal patients: Lessons learned. Canadian Psychologist, 46, 64-72.
6. Meichenbaum, D. (2006). Trauma and suicide. In T. Ellis (Eds.), Cognition and suicide: Theory, research and practice. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
7. Meichenbaum, D. (2014). Roadmap to resilience. Williston, VT: Crown House Publishing.
8. Meichenbaum, D. (2017). Self-care for trauma psychotherapists and caregivers: Individual, social and organizational interventions. Retrieved from https://www.melissainstitute.org/documents/Meichenbaum_SelfCare_11thconf.pdf
9. Norcross, J. C., & Guy, J. D. (2007). Leaving it at the office: A guide to psychotherapists’ self-care. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
10. Pope, K. S., & Vasquez, M. J. (2005). How to survive and thrive as a therapist. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
11. Wicks, R. J. & Maynard, E. A. (Eds.) (2014). Clinician’s guide to self-renewal. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.