A yoga therapy instructor demonstrates a poseYoga therapy is a type of therapy that uses yoga postures, breathing exercises, meditation, and guided imagery to improve mental and physical health. The holistic focus of yoga therapy encourages the integration of mind, body, and spirit. Modern yoga therapy covers a broad range of therapeutic modalities, incorporating elements from both physical therapy and psychotherapy.

Issues Treated by Yoga Therapy

Yoga therapy is a growing field and scientific evidence has begun to emphasize its efficacy. It is used to treat existing mental and physical health issues, but can also be used as a self-care strategy for prevention and maintenance.

Yoga therapy is well established as a treatment for depression and anxiety. A meta-analysis cited in the Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders found that yoga therapy also shows promise for the treatment of posttraumatic stress (PTSD) and schizophrenia. Additionally, yoga therapists have begun to develop treatment modalities to suit children with autism. The book Yoga Therapy for Children with Autism and Special Needs, written in 2013 by yoga teacher Louise Goldberg, is already considered a critical text for novice and experienced yoga therapists alike.

According to a 2012 article in Social Work Today magazine, yoga therapy is also emerging as an effective treatment for substance abuse issues. Mental health professionals point out the way yoga positively impacts the parts of the mind and body susceptible to addiction. Studies have shown that yoga boosts the neurotransmitter GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), which is important because GABA levels are statistically low in people who experience substance abuse, anxiety, and depression.

Because of its concentration on mind and body integration, yoga therapy is also used to address many physical health issues. It has been effectively used to treat back pain, heart conditions, asthma, chronic fatigue, hypertension, multiple sclerosis, and side effects of chemotherapy.

Practice and Benefits of Yoga Therapy

Yoga therapy is practiced in a wide range of formats. Physical therapists, for example, often implement yoga techniques in their delivery of massage and other treatments. Yoga therapy practice can resemble physical therapy, rehabilitative therapy, and/or psychotherapy. Unlike a standard yoga class, yoga therapy sessions are typically conducted in one-on-one or small group settings. Yoga therapy can be provided as an adjunct therapy to complement other forms of treatment, or it can be used to directly treat a specific issue. Yoga techniques range from simple to advanced, and can be enjoyed by people of all ages.

Potential benefits from yoga therapy include stress reduction, psychological well-being, improved diet, and efficient functioning of bodily systems. A 2011 qualitative study from Inkanyiso: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences examined the effects of yoga therapy on anxiety. The findings not only indicated that yoga therapy effectively reduced subjects' anxiety, but improvement across several dimensions of physical and mental health including physicality, relaxation, and mindfulness.

History of Yoga Therapy

Yoga therapy is rooted in the ancient practice of yoga, which originated thousands of years ago in India. Yoga made its way to the United States in the late 1800s, but yoga therapy emerged in a formal manner in the 1980s as the result of a study conducted by Dr. Dean Ornish. The study illustrated how the implementation of a healthy lifestyle program could reverse heart disease. Ornish’s program included therapeutic yoga and was the first of its kind to highlight the benefits of using yoga in this way. This program for treating heart disease was approved for insurance coverage in 1990 and it marked the beginning of the medical field's acceptance of yoga as a treatment option.

In 1983, the Biomedical Yoga Trust was founded to further develop and standardize the field of yoga therapy. The International Association of Yoga Therapists (IAYT) was founded in 1989 and has since hosted yoga conferences, published the Journal of the International Association of Yoga Therapists, and contributed to the creation of yoga therapy training standards. Both organizations have facilitated research to explore the extent of yoga therapy's potential.

What to Expect from Yoga Therapy

When a person decides to initiate yoga therapy, the therapist will first conduct an initial assessment. This assessment is designed to do the following:

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  • Identify health problems
  • Assess lifestyle and physical capability
  • Discuss reasons for seeking therapy
  • Create a course of treatment

Once the treatment plan is established in this first consultation, the frequency of sessions is agreed upon and sessions are scheduled. From this point, therapy sessions will most likely include the following components:

  • Breathing Exercises (Prayanama): The therapist will guide the person in therapy through a series of breathing exercises ranging from energizing breaths to balancing breaths.
  • Physical Postures (Asana): The therapist will teach the person in treatment appropriate yoga poses that address problem areas. For example, the “Legs Up the Wall” pose is used to treat things like anxiety and insomnia. In this pose, the person lays on his or her back with legs positioned up against the wall.
  • Meditation: Relaxation and mindfulness are the focus of meditation when it is combined with yoga poses.
  • Guided Imagery: The yoga therapist attempts to calm the body and mind by providing a guided visualization intended to bring inner peace.
  • Homework: An important element for any yoga practice is to find a way to incorporate it into daily life. Yoga therapists provide instructions on how to use what has been learned in treatment at home.

Who Offers Yoga Therapy?

The most well-known professional title to describe a yoga therapist is Certified Yoga Therapist, credentialed as CYT. However, because the field of yoga therapy is fairly young, no official, formalized certification process exists. However, there are many organizations and education programs accredited by the IAYT that offer training and certification. Some well-respected training programs include:

  • Integrative Yoga Therapy
  • American Viniyoga Institute
  • Essential Yoga Therapy
  • Phoenix Rising Yoga Therapy
  • YogaLife Institute
  • Any training program accredited by the International Association of Yoga Therapists (IAYT)

Though therapists vary in education and experience, most well-trained yoga therapists have a strong knowledge base in:

  • Yoga philosophy, techniques, and education
  • Therapeutic yoga techniques
  • Anatomy and physiology
  • Diet and nutrition
  • Basic understanding of medical care and first aid
  • Basic understanding of business ethics

When deciding on a yoga therapist, it is important to know that there are many types. Some are yoga teachers, yogis, and gurus while others are psychotherapists, psychologists, and physical therapists. The Yoga Journal website suggests seeking out word-of-mouth referrals and yoga studio recommendations. The most crucial thing is to find a therapist who has solid experience and training, and with whom you can develop a positive therapeutic relationship.

References:

  1. Accredited Yoga Therapy Programs. (n.d.). In International Association of Yoga Therapists. Retrieved from http://www.iayt.org/?page=AccrdPrgms
  2. Cabral, P., Meyer, H. B., & Ames, D. (2011). Effectiveness of Yoga therapy as a complementary treatment for major psychiatric disorders: a meta-analysis. The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders, 13(4). doi:10.4088/PCC.10r01068
  3. Clark, L., Edwards, S., Thwala, J., & Louw, P. (2011). The influence of yoga therapy on anxiety [Electronic version]. Inkanyiso: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1), 24-31.
  4. History of Yoga Therapy. (n.d.). In Yoga U Online. Retrieved from http://yogauonline.com/yoga-therapy/112051509-history-yoga-therapy
  5. Isaacs, N. (n.d.). Yoga Therapy: the next wave in yoga. In Gaiam Life. Retrieved from http://life.gaiam.com/article/yoga-therapy-next-wave-yoga
  6. Kenny, M. L. (2013). Review - Yoga Therapy for Children with Autism and Special Needs. Yoga Therapy Today, 9(3), 46. Retrieved from http://iayt.metapress.com/content/0q138j15646p4xt2/fulltext.pdf
  7. Learn about IAYT. (n.d.). In International Association of Yoga Therapists. Retrieved from http://www.iayt.org/?page=LearnAbout
  8. McCall, T. (2007, August 28). An Introduction to Yoga Therapy. In Yoga Journal. Retrieved from http://www.yogajournal.com/article/teach/an-introduction-to-yoga-therapy/
  9. McCall, T. (2007, August 28). So You Want to Be a Yoga Therapist? In Yoga Journal. Retrieved from http://www.yogajournal.com/article/teach/so-you-want-to-be-a-yoga-therapist/
  10. Novotney, A. (2009, November). Yoga as a practice tool. Monitor on Psychology, 40(10), 38. Retrieved from American Psychological Association.
  11. Ricchuito, A. D. (2012, October). Yoga as Adjunct Therapy for Substance Use. Social Work Today, 12(5), 8. Retrieved from http://www.socialworktoday.com/archive/091712p8.shtml
  12. Starting Yoga Therapy. (n.d.). In Yoga Biomedical Trust. Retrieved from http://yogatherapy.org/starting-yoga-therapy/
  13. What is Yoga Therapy?. (n.d.). In Yoga Biomedical Trust. Retrieved from http://yogatherapy.org/what-is-yoga-therapy/