What’s the Difference Between a PsyD and a PhD In Psychology?

March 21, 2019 • By Crystal Raypole

A doctoral degree isn’t required to provide therapy, and many qualified mental health professionals who work with clients don’t have one. But some professionals in the field of psychology further their studies in research, professional psychology, or both by obtaining a doctoral degree.

Even in terms of psychology, doctoral degrees aren’t all the same and differ in a few key ways. In brief terms, people with a PsyD (Doctor of Psychology) degree generally use their psychology training to work with people seeking therapy. People who hold PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) degrees typically teach, conduct research, or consult professionally in mental health fields.

Whether you’re narrowing down a career path or trying to make sense of a potential therapist’s credentials, it can help to know more about what distinguishes a PsyD from a PhD.

RESEARCH DOCTORATES VS. PROFESSIONAL DOCTORATES

Completing any apa-accredited doctoral degree involves conducting research, but the research focus will usually depend on the type of degree being pursued.

For example, students in a research doctorate (PhD) program will work toward the development and discovery of new knowledge and theories. This research work is helpful in preparation for postdoctoral educational careers or work with other researchers conducting experimental trials and studies.

Students in a professional doctorate (PsyD) program work to apply existing research to better understand (and attempt to solve) issues in their field of study. This application may lead to the development of new ideas and research methods, but original research is not the primary goal. This applied research work helps students with professional development and prepare for careers as mental health clinicians in a variety of settings.

In terms of psychology, people holding a PhD are more likely to have careers teaching psychology or working with other researchers to develop experimental trials and studies looking at mental health issues and treatment. People who have a PsyD are more likely to become clinical psychologist’s.

But this isn’t always the case. Some people with PhDs may choose to apply specialized knowledge and research to a clinical setting and work hands-on with people. Similarly, some people holding a PsyD may enter a research-based field to learn more about the contributing factors in mental health concerns and evidence for or against certain treatments. Both research and professional doctorate programs can lead to success in either area of professional practice.

WHAT IS A PHD in Psychology?

Before 1970, a PhD was the only option for students who wanted to get a doctoral degree in a psychology field. Today, mental health professionals interested in research, clinical trials, or psychology education may choose to get a PhD.

Before 1970, a PhD was the only option for students who wanted to get a doctoral degree in a psychology field.

Some professionals with a PhD will still provide therapy full-time. For example, a therapist who treats a certain mental health issue may have obtained a PhD conducting evidence-based research on the issue and potential treatments in order to provide the best care. In other words, a therapist whose PhD research focused on a particular mental health issue or type of therapy may provide more specialized treatment than a therapist who treats a range of concerns.

A master’s degree is usually needed to enter a PhD program, though a bachelor’s degree might be accepted in graduate school programs that allow students to complete a master’s and doctoral degree at the same time.

Because space is limited in PhD programs, the acceptance rate is generally 15% at most. To be accepted, good GRE scores, a high GPA, and strong letters of recommendation are generally necessary.

The length of a PhD program varies, but between 5 and 8 years is fairly standard. The cost may be quite high, depending on the school, but many schools offer tuition waivers and/or stipends to students who teach or assist with research. A dissertation is required for graduation. Students must become licensed after graduation.

WHAT IS A PSYD?

Clinical psychology programs are designed for students who want to develop their knowledge of psychology research and apply it when providing therapy.

While it’s not necessary to have a PsyD in order to work with clients, some people may prefer to further their education and become licensed psychologists before establishing a therapy practice or working for a private practice. Having a doctorate can mean an increase in income and a wider range of job opportunities to choose from.

Although PsyD programs are more focused on clinical skills and care than on research, mental health professionals with a PsyD are required to apply research in their studies. Professionals who have a PsyD may have more specialized knowledge than professionals with only a master’s degree. This could be important to some people seeking help for a rare or difficult-to-treat mental health issue.

As with a PhD program, a master’s degree may be required to enter a PsyD program. Acceptance rates for PsyD programs tend to be higher than those for PhD programs. About 40% of people applying are accepted. On average, a PsyD program takes slightly less time to complete than a PhD program. PsyD students who want to enter clinical practice may find a PsyD program a better fit. However, the overall cost of getting a PsyD may be higher since financial aid is usually not offered. A dissertation or project is required coursework for graduation, and students must also become licensed after graduation.

Insert Table

SHOULD I PURSUE A PHD OR A PSYD?

Some people may consider a PhD the highest degree available in psychology or believe a PhD is superior to other psychology degrees, but this isn’t necessarily the case. What sets the two degrees apart is the skill sets they’re most likely to develop.

If you’re trying to decide between degree programs, consider what direction you’d like your career path to take. Do you want to teach? Does research interest you? A PhD program may be the better fit. If you already know you want to work with clients, a PSYD degree may be ideal.

A PhD and PsyD differ, but they are still similar degrees. They both help psychology students develop research skills and knowledge they can apply to education or clinical practice.

If you are a recent graduate and starting your career as a mental health professional, click here to learn how GoodTherapy can help you start connecting with referrals and the resources you need to jump-start your career.

References:

1. Michalski, D. S., & Fowler, G. (2016). Doctoral degrees in psychology: How are they different, or not so different? American Psychological Association. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/psn/2016/01/doctoral-degrees
2. PsyD vs. PhD: What’s the difference? (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.allpsychologyschools.com/psychology/psyd-vs-phd-programs
3. What’s the difference between a PsyD and a PhD in psychology? (2017, April 25). Retrieved from https://www.capella.edu/blogs/cublog/doctor-of-psychology-or-phd-in-psychology

© Copyright 2019 GoodTherapy.org. All rights reserved.

With greater access to treatment, more people find they can take on the monumental venture of earning a degree. Yet once they are in school, their risk of mental health problems increases. Graduate students in particular may struggle to manage school, finances, and self-care. The combined stress can be devastating to mental well-being.

The American Psychological Association says the need for mental health care on campuses is increasing. A 2015-2016 report from the Center for Collegiate Mental Health surveyed college counseling centers across America. The report showed an increase in student hospitalization, medication use, and suicide. More than 55% of the centers saw increases in salary budgets to meet demands for care. But some clinics still face challenges in meeting students’ needs. They may have limited hours of service or high costs of care.

Meanwhile, almost a third of PhD candidates may be at risk for mental health concerns. Around 34% of graduate students may already experience moderate to severe depression.

[fat_widget_right]

Researchers continue to study the specific differences between undergraduate and graduate students’ health. Further surveys may determine how to improve psychological care for each population. The goal is to promote mental well-being in colleges and universities.

Risk Factors for Mental Health Concerns in Grad School

Some populations are more at risk of developing mental health concerns. As the population of graduate students grows more diverse, so do mental health needs. Minority and international students may need help with multicultural issues. LGBTQ+ students can also face discrimination.

These populations can benefit from seeking mental health treatment on campus. Yet not all students may feel represented at their school’s counseling center. Around 71% of counseling center staff members are white. The number of openly LGBTQ+ counselors is limited. Counseling centers could better serve minority students by hiring more diverse staff.

Another risk factor is academic performance. Students who feel they are behind in their classes are more likely to report stress and anxiety. The Graduate Assembly of University of California, Berkeley rates academic performance as one of the top three predictors of depression in graduate students.

Yet catching up may be easier said than done. Many graduate students have responsibilities outside school such as childcare or employment. In a 2014 survey, graduate students cited job outlook, financial stress, loneliness, and alienation from mentors as contributing factors to depression and negative well-being.

Graduate students can help improve mental health outcomes by learning what signs to watch for. Any of the following symptoms may indicate a larger mental health concern:

• Irritability
• Sleeplessness
• Panic attacks
• A dependence on drugs or alcohol
• Inability to complete daily tasks
• Feelings of worthlessness
• Suicidal thoughts

How Grad Students Can Use Counseling Centers

Psychological care addresses diagnoses that affect students as well as the general population. For example, cognitive behavioral therapy can help individuals cope with anger or anxiety. Acceptance and commitment therapy can help busy students focus on their priorities.

Graduate students are a population with unique mental health needs.

Counseling centers can also introduce students to alternative treatments to complement traditional therapies. Some therapists might assign internet-based worksheets to help reprogram harmful thoughts. Others may direct students to mindfulness practices like yoga.

Treatment can be especially helpful for students whose diagnoses impact learning. When a survey asked students if campus counseling services helped with their academic performance, over 70% answered positively. These results suggest counseling can help both mental health concerns and academic issues.

Preventing Mental Health Issues During Grad School

Self-care practices like sleep and exercise can promote more positive mental health outcomes. Students who limit their schedules and have a social life have less risk for burnout. Experts encourage students to find a therapist before their symptoms become overwhelming.

There are several ways graduate schools can reduce students’ risks of mental health concerns. Schools can accommodate students’ schedules, aid their career preparations, and improve campus mental health care. Schools can also help by educating students about time management and self-care. Close mentorship is also linked to improved mental health and academic outcomes. Academic advisors are particularly helpful for international students.

Graduate students are a population with unique mental health needs. If schools improve their campus mental health care, they can not only lower the rate of mental health concerns, but also promote academic success. Mental health care on campus can improve all aspects of graduate student life.

Lifelines and Further Resources

• Jed Foundation is an advocacy group for teen and young adult mental health. Students can find information about their legal rights related to mental health.
• The National Grad Crisis Line provides suicide prevention services specifically for graduate students. Individuals can reach the hotline by calling 1-877-GRAD-HLP (1-877-472-3457). People studying abroad can access the hotline through a Skype number.
• ULifeline.org is a service of the Jed Foundation. It offers self-assessment tools to evaluate mental wellness and suitability for counseling. There are also resources for those who need immediate help.
• American Psychological Association has an online section of articles especially for graduate students. Helpful pages include self-care tips and advice for seeking mentorship.

Resources:

1. Barry, K. M., Woods, M., Warnecke, E., Stirling, C., & Martin, A. (2018, January 19). Psychological health of doctoral candidates, study-related challenges and perceived performance. Higher Education Research & Development, 1-16. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07294360.2018.1425979?journalCode=cher20
2. Bershad, C., Reetz, D. R., LeViness, P., & Whitlock, M. (2016). The Association for University and College Counseling Center Directors annual survey. Association for University and College Counseling Center Directors. Retrieved from https://taucccd.memberclicks.net/assets/documents/aucccd%202016%20monograph%20-%20public.pdf
3. Butler, A. C., Chapman, J. E., Forman, E. M., & Beck, A. T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 17-31. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272735805001005
4. Campus Mental Health. (n.d.). American Psychological Association. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/advocacy/higher-education/mental-health/index.aspx
5. Dyrbye, L. N., Thomas, M. R., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2006). Systematic review of depression, anxiety, and other indicators of psychological distress among U.S. and Canadian medical students. Academic Medicine, 81(4), 354-373. Retrieved from https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Abstract/2006/04000/Systematic_Review_of_Depression,_Anxiety,_and.9.aspx
6. Eisenberg, D., Downs, M. F., Golberstein, E., & Zivin, K. (2009, May 19). Stigma and help seeking for mental health among college students. Medical Care Research and Review, 66(5), 522-541. Retrieved from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1077558709335173
7. Graduate Student Happiness and Well-Being Report. (2014). Graduate Assembly of University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved from http://ga.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/wellbeingreport_2014.pdf
8. Grappling with graduate student mental health and suicide. (2017, August 7). Chemical and Engineering News. Retrieved from https://cen.acs.org/articles/95/i32/Grappling-graduate-student-mental-health.html
9. Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 169-183. Retrieved from http://psycnet.apa.org/record/2010-05835-004
10. Hyun, J., Quinn, B., Madon, T., & Lustig, S. (2007). Mental health need, awareness, and use of counseling services among international graduate students. Journal of American College Health, 56(2), 109-118. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3200/jach.56.2.109-118
11. Ickes, M. J., Brown, J., Reeves, B., & Martin, P. D. (2015). Differences between undergraduate and graduate students in stress and coping strategies. Californian Journal of Health Promotion, 13(1), 13-25. Retrieved from http://www.cjhp.org/volume13Issue1_2015/documents/13-25_Formatted_Ickes_CJHP2015_Issue1.pdf
12. Karyotaki, E., Riper, H., Twisk, J., Hoogendoorn, A., Kleiboer, A., Mira, A., … & Andersson, G. (2017). Efficacy of self-guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of depressive symptoms: A meta-analysis of individual participant data. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(4), 351-359. Retrieved from https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/2604310?redirect=true
13. Levecque, K., Anseel, F., De Beuckelaer, A., Van der Heyden, J., & Gisle, L. (2017). Work organization and mental health problems in PhD students. Research Policy, 46(4), 868-879. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733317300422?via%3Dihub
14. More and more students need mental health services. But colleges struggle to keep up. (2017, May 4). USA Today. Retrieved from http://college.usatoday.com/2017/05/04/more-and-more-students-need-mental-health-services-but-colleges-struggle-to-keep-up
15. Why do so many graduate students quit? (2016, July 6). The Atlantic. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/07/why-do-so-many-graduate-students-quit/490094