The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) lists eight paraphilic, or abnormal, interests. To qualify for a diagnosis these sexual behaviors must reach a point where they cause some distress, but according to the DSM-5, these behaviors are unusual or atypical. The study undermines this claim, providing evidence that at least four paraphilic interests may actually be common in Québec.
Researchers Christian Joyal and Julie Carpentier, from the Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal and the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, conducted phone and online surveys of 1,040 Québec residents. The participants were representative of the general population and answered a number of questions about their sexual interests and preferences.
About half (45.6%) of participants were interested in at least one “anomalous” sexual behavior, and 33% had participated in the behavior at least once. Among respondents, voyeurism (35%), sexual fetishism (26%), frotteurism (26%), and masochism (19%) were found to be common desires or experiences.
Male respondents were more interested in paraphilic behaviors than female respondents, but women who reported an interest in sexual submission or masochism had more varied sexual interests. They also reported higher levels of sexual satisfaction. The researchers found an interest in sexual submission was correlated with an overall increase in other sexual interests.The study’s authors caution that mental health professionals must know what constitutes normal sexual behavior before labeling certain behaviors as deviant or unusual. They also highlight the difference between sexual paraphilic disorders—which involve partners who do not consent or sexual acts that trouble the person with the paraphilia—and paraphilic behavior.
A paraphilia is a sexual behavior that may be necessary for sexual satisfaction. For example, a person with a submission paraphilia might not be interested in sex that does not involve sexual submission. Paraphilic behavior, by contrast, is not necessary for sexual satisfaction. People with paraphilic behaviors may only engage in the “unusual” behavior from time to time and may have a wide range of other sexual interests.
The results can’t be broadly applied to Americans or Europeans, because the team only studied people from Québec. They believe future research will likely find similar results among other populations.
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