Paraphrenia

Paraphrenia is a form of atypical psychosis with an onset that is much later in life than other psychotic disorders.

What is Paraphrenia?
Paraphrenia is not listed in the DSM as a diagnosis, but is still regarded by some practitioners as a separate diagnosis from related illnesses such as schizoaffective disorder and delusional disorder. For this reason, diagnosis with paraphrenia is fairly uncommon and people with symptoms of paraphrenia are more likely to be diagnosed with other disorders.

The disorder is similar to schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. People with the disorder may experience delusions, strange or unusual thoughts or eccentric behavior. However, unlike schizophrenia, their personality is not usually fundamentally disturbed and they typically have normal affect. Paraphrenia tends to occur later in life – usually in the 40s or later – while schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders typically have their onset much earlier, in the teens and 20s. Paraphrenia is distinct from schizophrenia that persists or worsens late in life.

What Causes Paraphrenia?
Paraphrenia, like other psychotic disorders, likely has genetic origins. However, brain injuries caused by stroke, traumatic brain injuries, or drug and alcohol use can also induce psychotic symptoms. Some practitioners believe that paraphrenia is related to dementia.

How is Paraphrenia Treated?
Paraphrenia generally has a much better prognosis than other psychotic disorders. Antispsychotic medication can be helpful, and many people with paraphrenia also benefit from therapy. Paraphrenia sometimes co-occurs with depression and anxiety, and medication to treat these conditions can help improve overall functioning. Family interventions, including family education and counseling, can also be helpful, particularly when the onset is very late and the person with paraphrenia is cared for by family or friends.

References:

  1. Paraphrenia. (n.d.). General Practice Notebook. Retrieved from http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=7012386
  2. Stevens, J. (1996). Paraphrenia revisited. Schizophrenia Research, 18(2-3), 122-123. doi: 10.1016/0920-9964(96)85415-6

Last Updated: 08-17-2015