
{"id":39902,"date":"2019-03-15T09:58:58","date_gmt":"2019-03-15T16:58:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/?page_id=39902"},"modified":"2019-04-25T15:12:35","modified_gmt":"2019-04-25T22:12:35","slug":"alice-in-wonderland","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/alice-in-wonderland\/","title":{"rendered":"Alice in Wonderland Syndrome"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-39896 size-medium alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Alice_in_Wonderland_Syndrome-300x198.jpg\" alt=\"Low-angle shot of a stylized mirror and tea table\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Alice_in_Wonderland_Syndrome-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Alice_in_Wonderland_Syndrome.jpg 726w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Alice in Wonderland syndrome (AIWS)<\/strong> is a form of sensory disturbance. The most common symptoms are micropsia and macropsia, which causes objects to appear much smaller or larger than they truly are. For example, a chair may appear half of its typical size. However, AIWS can distort one\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s sense of touch or hearing as well.<\/p>\n<p>Alice in Wonderland syndrome is named after Lewis Carroll\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s book <em>Alice\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s Adventures in Wonderland. <\/em>In the story, the protagonist shrinks down to the size of a mouse, then later on grows larger than a house. Some researchers have hypothesized that Lewis Carroll himself may have had AIWS.<\/p>\n<h2>Symptoms of Alice in Wonderland Syndrome<\/h2>\n<p>Alice in Wonderland syndrome causes temporary distortions in perception. Most episodes only last a few minutes. Although the symptoms may feel disorienting or confusing, they are generally harmless.<\/p>\n<p>There are 58 recognized symptoms of AIWS, although most only appear in a handful of cases. Some of the most common symptoms are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Micropsia<\/strong>: Objects appear much smaller than they really are.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Macropsia<\/strong>: Objects appear much larger than they are in real life.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Teleopsia<\/strong>: Objects seem further away than they are.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pelopsia<\/strong>: Objects seem closer than they are.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dysmorphopsia<\/strong>: Straight lines or edges appear to be wavy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Macrosomatognosia: <\/strong>A person\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s own body feels much larger than it is. (Microsomatognosia is when one\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s body feels smaller.)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Quick-motion phenomenon:<\/strong> Time seems to go much quicker than it really is, as if the surrounding world is on fast-forward. This could manifest as objects appearing to rush around or as voices talking too quickly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Alice in Wonderland syndrome is not a sign of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/learn-about-therapy\/issues\/psychosis\">psychosis<\/a>. Unlike a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/psychpedia\/hallucination\">hallucination<\/a>, which often causes people to see things which aren\u00e2\u20ac\u2122t there, AIWS causes people to see a skewed version of their present environment. The affected individual generally knows that what they are seeing is strange or unreal. AIWS is a neurological issue, not a mental health diagnosis.<\/p>\n<h2>What Causes Alice in Wonderland Syndrome?<\/h2>\n<p>There are many factors that can cause Alice in Wonderland syndrome.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Migraines:<\/strong> A 2016 literature review estimates 27% of AIWS cases co-occur with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/psychpedia\/migraine-headache\">migraines<\/a>. Some researchers theorize that AIWS is a rare type of migraine aura, which is a sensory warning of an oncoming migraine.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Infection:<\/strong> Around 23% of AIWS cases seem to be caused by infections, the most common being the Epstein-Barr virus. Infections can cause parts of the brain to swell, which affects cognitive functioning.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Head Trauma:<\/strong> Injuries to the brain cause 8% of AIWS cases. When damage occurs in the parts of the brain that combine and interpret sensory information, a person can get distorted vision or have trouble sensing their own body.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Epilepsy:<\/strong> Around 3% of AIWS cases may be caused by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/psychpedia\/epilepsy\">epilepsy<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Medications or drugs:<\/strong> Certain medicines, especially cough medicines, may cause AIWS symptoms. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/psychpedia\/hallucinogen\">Hallucinogenic drugs<\/a> have also been implicated in some cases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Around one in five cases of AIWS have no obvious cause.<\/p>\n<p>Most cases of Alice in Wonderland syndrome (65%) occur in children. The mean age of onset is 8 and a half years. Most individuals grow out of the syndrome with age. Around one-third of cases have persistent symptoms, and these cases often co-occur with migraines.<\/p>\n<h2>Alice in Wonderland Syndrome Treatment<\/h2>\n<p>There has not been much research on Alice in Wonderland syndrome. Since the symptoms aren\u00e2\u20ac\u2122t dangerous and only last a few minutes, many cases go unreported. It is exceedingly rare for researchers to be able to observe AIWS symptoms as they occur.<\/p>\n<p>There is no test to diagnose Alice in Wonderland syndrome. Instead, clinicians will work backwards, ruling out other potential causes of the symptoms. For example, a doctor may order blood tests done in order to diagnose any viruses in the person\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s body. MRI scans may be used to examine the brain.<\/p>\n<p>Treatment for Alice in Wonderland syndrome usually addresses the underlying causes. For example, if a person\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s symptoms are caused by migraines, anti-migraine medication can help reduce symptoms. When stress exacerbates AIWS symptoms, meditation and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/psychpedia\/relaxation\">relaxation<\/a> techniques can help individuals cope. However, most cases of Alice in Wonderland syndrome will disappear with time.<\/p>\n<p><strong>References:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Blom, J.D. (2010). <em>A dictionary of hallucinations<\/em>. New York, NY: Springer.<\/li>\n<li>Blom, J. D. (2016) Alice in Wonderland syndrome: A systematic review. <em>Neurology Clinical Practice, 6<\/em>(3), 259-270. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4909520<\/li>\n<li>Liu, G., Liu, A. Liu, J., &amp; Liu G. (2014, April 29). Alice in Wonderland syndrome: Presenting and follow-up characteristics (S19.003). <em>Neurology.<\/em> Retrieved from https:\/\/n.neurology.org\/content\/82\/10_Supplement\/S19.003<\/li>\n<li>Mastria, G., Mancini, V., Vigano, A., &amp; Di Piero, V. (2016). <em>BioMed Research International<\/em>. Retrieved from https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/8243145<\/li>\n<li>Stapinski, H. (2014, June 23). I had Alice in Wonderland Syndrome. <em>The New York Times. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/well.blogs.nytimes.com\/2014\/06\/23\/alice-in-wonderland-syndrome<\/li>\n<li>What is Alice in Wonderland syndrome (AWS)? (n.d.). Healthline. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/alice-in-wonderland-syndrome<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Alice in Wonderland syndrome (AIWS) is a form of sensory disturbance. The most common symptoms are micropsia and macropsia, which causes objects to appear much smaller or larger than they truly are. For example, a chair may appear half of its typical size. However, AIWS can distort one\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s sense of touch or hearing as [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3104,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"psychpedia.php","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-39902","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/39902","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3104"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39902"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/39902\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39902"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}