{"id":16025,"date":"2013-01-03T10:10:53","date_gmt":"2013-01-03T18:10:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/?page_id=16025"},"modified":"2019-01-31T13:18:36","modified_gmt":"2019-01-31T21:18:36","slug":"creativity","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/creativity\/","title":{"rendered":"Creativity"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-39758 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Creativity-300x196.jpg\" alt=\"colorful girl\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Creativity-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Creativity.jpg 731w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>Creativity <\/strong>refers to the ability to produce or create something original, such as a piece of art or music. Considering things from a new perspective is often considered a necessary component of creativity. Thus, creativity and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/psychpedia\/imagination\">imagination<\/a> are often closely linked.<\/p>\n<h2>What Is Creativity?<\/h2>\n<p>Creativity can mean various things to different people. Several models of creativity exist. The most common of these models are:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Creative Product Analysis Matrix (CPAM) <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This model is also known as the 3-factor model. It examines the creativity of completed products through three factors:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Novelty: How new are the materials and design processes? Are the concepts unique?<\/li>\n<li>Resolution: Does the product work as intended? Is it useful?<\/li>\n<li>Elaboration\/synthesis: How does the product look? Is it made well?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Investment Theory of Creativity<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This model looks at creativity as an investment. The value of some ideas or creative works may not be realized right away. They might even be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/learn-about-therapy\/issues\/rejection\">rejected<\/a> or mocked. The person who developed them \u00e2\u20ac\u0153buys low,\u00e2\u20ac\u009d attempting to demonstrate the value of their idea or work. Once the creative worth of something has been realized, it becomes more valuable, and the creator can \u00e2\u20ac\u0153sell high\u00e2\u20ac\u009d before going on to develop other ideas or creative works.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Triangular Theory of Creativity <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This theory draws from both the 3-factor model and the investment theory model. It says creativity can be described as the attitude a person takes toward life and their work. People exhibit creativity by defying:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Themselves and their preconceived ideas.<\/li>\n<li>Others and their attitudes.<\/li>\n<li>The collective, often unconscious worldviews of the time in which they live.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The creative direction a person\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s work takes depends on how they show their defiance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Divergent Thinking Model<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This model associates creativity with a certain way of thinking. Psychology professor J. P. Guilford, who developed this theory, linked creative thinking to these traits:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Fluency: Creating many works or ideas over a relatively short period of time.<\/li>\n<li>Sensitivity: Being able to recognize problems or a need for change.<\/li>\n<li>Flexibility: Producing multiple possible ways to address an issue.<\/li>\n<li>Originality: Having new and unique ideas.<\/li>\n<li>Elaboration: The ability to take an idea, develop it further, and carry it out.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Systems Model of Creativity<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This model considers creativity as a social construct that stems from:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Domain: A particular culture or society\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s shared creative knowledge of the visual, performing, or other arts.<\/li>\n<li>Person: The individuals who make creative contributions to this domain.<\/li>\n<li>Field: The group of people who evaluate, teach, and restore creative works. They control access to the domain.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These are only a few of the many ways researchers have looked at creativity. Rather than strictly following one of these models, creativity is more likely explained by a combination of factors.<\/p>\n<h2>Why Is Creativity Important?<\/h2>\n<p>Creativity can manifest in many ways, whether it\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s a piece of art, a musical score, a solution to a mathematical problem, or any other kind of work. The act of creating something new not only contributes to a sense of humanity, but also helps make life more meaningful. By developing and using their innate sense of creativity, people can learn to see the world through new perspectives and explore ways to solve any number of challenges.<\/p>\n<p>Experts believe creative play in early childhood can help kids develop good emotional health, social skills, and problem-solving abilities. Children who learn these skills in early life may have an easier time sharing and working through difficult feelings. Emotional self-regulation in turn can contribute to adulthood success.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"popout-quote-left\" style=\"font-weight: bold; width: 30%; float: left;\">If you\u00e2\u20ac\u2122re interested in developing your creativity, taking time every day to actively work toward this goal may be the best way to see results.<\/span>Many employers value creative skills, often categorized with the catch-all \u00e2\u20ac\u0153out-of-the-box thinking.\u00e2\u20ac\u009d They look for employees with innovative ideas who can suggest and implement processes that serve a rapidly changing market. Skills such as flexibility, productivity, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/psychpedia\/resilience\">resilience<\/a> can help people grow and succeed in the workplace.<\/p>\n<p>Practicing specific creative processes, such as art, sewing, music, or dance, can help improve well-being. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/learn-about-therapy\/types\/art-therapy\">Art can be a type of therapy<\/a>. Taking time for creative pursuits can also be a form of self-care.<\/p>\n<h2>Creativity and the Brain<\/h2>\n<p>Neuroimaging studies suggest that creativity and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/psychpedia\/intelligence\">intelligence<\/a> aren\u00e2\u20ac\u2122t closely linked in the brain. Tasks involving intelligence prompt a rise in certain <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/psychpedia\/neurotransmitter\">neurotransmitters<\/a>, while creative tasks cause different chemicals to increase. Recent research suggests a person\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s creativity may be linked to the level of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/psychpedia\/dopamine\">dopamine<\/a> in the brain. This link is not fully understood though, so more research is needed to explain how dopamine contributes to creativity.<\/p>\n<p>Creativity doesn\u00e2\u20ac\u2122t seem to be located in a particular hemisphere of the brain either. Many people have heard the phrases \u00e2\u20ac\u0153right-brained\u00e2\u20ac\u009d and \u00e2\u20ac\u0153left-brained,\u00e2\u20ac\u009d with right-brained referring to a stronger aptitude for creative processes. But research has shown brain activity is generally about the same on both the left and right sides of the brain. This doesn\u00e2\u20ac\u2122t mean skill sets and aptitudes are the same for everyone. But it suggests a person\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s strengths don\u00e2\u20ac\u2122t stem from one side of the brain or the other.<\/p>\n<p>Creativity may depend on brain processes in other ways. A study from 2018 suggests the brains of more creative people may engage neural circuits that don\u00e2\u20ac\u2122t typically work together at the same time. This pattern of brain connectivity may lead to increased creativity.<\/p>\n<h2>Creativity and Mental Health Issues<\/h2>\n<p>Popular belief often links creativity to mental health concerns, primarily mood issues such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/learn-about-therapy\/issues\/bipolar\">bipolar<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/learn-about-therapy\/issues\/depression\">depression<\/a>. Some study results have seemed to support this link. Research from multiple sources suggests mental health concerns and creativity often occur at higher levels in the same families.<\/p>\n<p>A small Swedish study from 2010 looked at the brains of people whose divergent thinking test results categorized them as \u00e2\u20ac\u0153highly creative.\u00e2\u20ac\u009d Though these people had good mental health, they had low levels of dopamine in the thalamus\u00e2\u20ac\u201dsomething previously noted in the brains of people with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/learn-about-therapy\/issues\/schizophrenia\">schizophrenia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>A 2015 study found people with certain <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/psychpedia\/genetics\">genetic<\/a> factors that put them at higher risk for bipolar or schizophrenia also had higher levels of creativity.<\/p>\n<p>A 2018 research review also linked schizophrenia symptoms with creativity. This review suggests mild symptoms are linked more strongly to creativity than severe symptoms. Severe symptoms may diminish creativity instead.<\/p>\n<p>More research on creativity and mental health is needed to help explain the association. It\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s possible some people with mental health concerns turn to creative pursuits as a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/psychpedia\/coping-mechanisms\">method of coping<\/a> with emotional distress. One 2016 study looking at creativity in young adults found those who took time for creative work each day reported more positive affect than those who did not.<\/p>\n<h2>Does Medication Reduce Creativity?<\/h2>\n<p>Some highly creative people with mental health concerns may hesitate to get <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/psychotropic-medication.html\">medication<\/a>, fearing it might lead to decreased creativity. However, the data on this issue are inconclusive. Most research relies on self-reporting as opposed to measuring creative ability directly. Thus it is hard to tell whether people\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s creativity truly changes or whether they simply perceive themselves as more or less creative.<\/p>\n<p>Some people do report cognitive and emotional side effects when taking <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/drugs\/antidepressants.html\">antidepressants<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/drugs\/lithium.html\">lithium<\/a>. Others report increased emotionality, clearer thinking, and more creative production as their symptoms reduce. The effects of medication can vary widely depending on symptom severity, the type of drug used, and the individual\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s creative process. However, non-drug treatments such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/individual-therapy.html\">psychotherapy<\/a> seem to have no negative impact on creativity.<\/p>\n<p>It\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s important to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/find-therapist.html\">seek treatment<\/a> for mental health concerns, especially when they affect daily life. Bipolar, depression, and schizophrenia, the three mental health concerns most often linked to creativity, all increase <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/learn-about-therapy\/issues\/suicide\">suicide<\/a> risk. In most cases, getting professional support increases overall well-being, which is likely to have a positive impact on creativity and productivity over time.<\/p>\n<h2>How to Increase Creativity<\/h2>\n<p>Creativity research suggests developing one\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s innate creativity is possible. Some of the following approaches can help boost creative skills.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Be curious. <\/strong>Following your interests and learning more about areas you have less experience in can lead to greater inspiration and new ideas.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Take a break from your surroundings.<\/strong> Studies suggest moderate background noise, such as the hum of a coffee shop or caf\u00c3\u00a9, can increase creativity. Taking a walk, daydreaming, and changing the lighting in your workspace can all contribute to increased creativity.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Try to solve problems in new ways.<\/strong> Instead of working through a challenge in your usual way, consider a different approach. Experimenting with problem-solving methods that seem unusual or even overly complicated can help you develop creativity by finding unique solutions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Try to think creatively.<\/strong> This might seem simple, but research suggests even attempting to be more creative can lead to increased creativity. This could happen when pathways linked to creativity in the brain become stronger with use.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you\u00e2\u20ac\u2122re interested in developing your creativity, taking time every day to actively work toward this goal may be the best way to see results.<\/p>\n<p><strong>References:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Acar, S., Chen, X., &amp; Cayirdag, N. (2018). Schizophrenia and creativity: A meta-analytic review. <em>Schizophrenia Research, 195<\/em>(1), 23-31<em>. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28867517<\/li>\n<li>Beaty, R. E., Kenett, Y. N., Christensen, A. P., Rosenberg, M. P., Benedek, M., \u00e2\u20ac\u00a6 Silvia, P. J. (2018). Robust prediction of individual creative ability from brain functional connectivity. <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115<\/em>(5), 1087-1092. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/115\/5\/1087<\/li>\n<li>Besemer, S. P., &amp; O\u00e2\u20ac\u2122Quin, K. (1999). Confirming the three-factor creative product analysis matrix model in an American sample. <em>Creativity Research Journal, 12<\/em>(4), 287-296. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1207\/s15326934crj1204_6<\/li>\n<li>Christoff, K., Gordon, A. M., Smallwood, J., Smith, R., &amp; Schooler, J. W. (2009, May 28). Experience sampling during fMRI reveals default network and executive system contributions to mind wandering. <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106<\/em>(21), 8719-8724. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/106\/21\/8719.abstract?sid=80b6f8af-73b6-4791-b033-a5c8625a7c62<\/li>\n<li>Connor, T. S., DeYoung, C. G., &amp; Silvia, P. J. (2016, November 17). Everyday creative activity as a path to flourishing. <em>The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13<\/em>(2). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/17439760.2016.1257049?scroll=top&amp;needAccess=true<\/li>\n<li>Creativity and play: Fostering creativity. (n.d.). PBS. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wholechild\/providers\/play.html<\/li>\n<li>Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014, May 30). The systems model of creativity and its applications. In D. K. Simonton (Ed.), <em>The Wiley handbook of genius. <\/em>Malden, MA: John Wiley &amp; Sons. Retrieved from https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/9781118367377.ch25<\/li>\n<li>De Manzano, \u00c3\u2013., Cervenka, S., Karabanov, A., Farde, L., &amp; Ull\u00c3\u00a9n, F. (2010, May 17). Thinking outside a less intact box: Thalamic dopamine D2 receptor densities are negatively related to psychometric creativity in healthy individuals. <em>PLoS ONE, 5<\/em>(5). Retrieved from https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0010670#s3<\/li>\n<li>Higgins, E. T., &amp; Kruglanski, A. W. (Eds.). (2007). <em>Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles <\/em>(2<sup>nd<\/sup>). New York, NY: The Guildford Press.<\/li>\n<li>Meta, R., Zhu, R., &amp; Cheema, A. (2012). Is noise always bad? Exploring the effects of ambient noise on creative cognition. <em>Journal of Consumer Research, 39<\/em>(4), 784-799. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.1086\/665048?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents<\/li>\n<li>Nielsen, J. A., Zielinski, B. A., Ferguson, M. A., Lainhart, J. E., &amp; Anderson, J. S. (2013, August 14). An evaluation of the left-brain vs. right-brain hypothesis with resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging. <em>PLoS ONE, 8<\/em>(8). Retrieved from https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0071275<\/li>\n<li>Pavitra, K. S., Chandrashekar, C. R., &amp; Choudhury, P. (2007). Creativity and mental health: A profile of writers and musicians. <em>Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 49<\/em>(1), 34-43. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2899997<\/li>\n<li>Power, R. A., Steinberg, S., Bjornsdottir, G., Rietveld, C. A., Abdellaoui, A., Nivard, M. M. \u00e2\u20ac\u00a6 Stefansson, K. (2015, June 8). Polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder predict creativity. <em>Nature Neuroscience, 18, <\/em>953-955<em>. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nn.4040<\/li>\n<li>Roe, B. (2012). Why is creativity important in everyday life? Retrieved from https:\/\/tscpl.org\/art\/why-is-creativity-important-in-everyday-life<\/li>\n<li>Speaking of psychology: The neuroscience of creativity. (n.d.). American Psychological Association. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.apa.org\/research\/action\/speaking-of-psychology\/neuroscience-creativity.aspx<\/li>\n<li>Sternberg, R. J. (2018). A triangular theory of creativity. <em>Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 12<\/em>(1), 50-67. Retrieved from https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/2016-60691-001<\/li>\n<li>Sternberg, R. J., &amp; Williams, W. M. (1996). <em>How to develop student creativity. <\/em>Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ascd.org\/publications\/books\/196073\/chapters\/Introduction@-Theory-of-Creativity.aspx<\/li>\n<li>Taylor, C. L. (2017). Creativity and mood disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. <em>Perspectives on Psychological Science: A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 12<\/em>(6), 1040-1076. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28934560<\/li>\n<li><em>Why is creativity important to employers?<\/em> [PDF] (n.d.). Education Scotland. Retrieved from https:\/\/education.gov.scot\/improvement\/documents\/creativity\/cre24_infographics\/cre24-why-is-creativity-important-to-employers.pdf<\/li>\n<li>Woodward, B. (2018, June 15). Creativity and psychiatric illness: Finding the sweet spot. <em>Psychiatric Times<\/em>. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.psychiatrictimes.com\/neuropsychiatry\/creativity-and-psychiatric-illness-finding-sweet-spot<\/li>\n<li>Zabelina, D. L., Colzato, L., Beeman, M., &amp; Hommel, B. (2016). Dopamine and the creative mind: Individual differences in creativity are predicted by interactions between dopamine genes DAT and COMT. <em>PLoS ONE, 11<\/em>(1). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4718590<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Creativity refers to the ability to produce or create something original, such as a piece of art or music. Considering things from a new perspective is often considered a necessary component of creativity. Thus, creativity and imagination are often closely linked. What Is Creativity? Creativity can mean various things to different people. Several models of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2474,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"psychpedia.php","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16025","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16025","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2474"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16025"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16025\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodtherapy.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16025"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}